We often upsample digital camera captures by 200 percent, sometimes even more. The lack of film grain in digital captures makes them much more amenable to upsampling than film scans ever were. We used to avoid upsampling when our images mostly came from scanned film, but in the digital age, it no longer makes sense to have a hard-and-fast rule. If you double the size to four by four inches by upsampling, the program has to add more pixels by interpolating between the other pixels in the image. If you scale that image down without changing the resolution, Photoshop has to throw away a bunch of pixels that's called downsampling. In Photoshop, you have a choice whether to scale or resample. If you take a 2-by-2-inch, 300-ppi image and change the size to 1 inch square in QuarkXPress or InDesign, you're scaling: The pixels get smaller and the resolution gets higher (it increases to 600 ppi). Scaling doesn't change the number of pixels, just the resolution. There are two ways that you can change resolution: scaling and resampling. One of the most important issues in working with images-and, unfortunately, one which few people seem to understand-is how the resolution can change relative to (or independently of) the size of your image.
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